Low AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) levels can raise concern, especially for women trying to conceive. AMH is a hormone secreted by the ovarian follicles and serves as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve—the number of eggs a woman has left. While low AMH does not always mean infertility, it can impact fertility planning and outcomes.
What Is AMH and Why Is It Important?
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is produced by small follicles in the ovaries and reflects a woman’s remaining egg supply. AMH levels are usually tested through a simple blood test and help fertility specialists assess:
- Ovarian reserve
- Response to fertility treatment (like IVF)
- Menopausal timing (in some cases)
What Are Low AMH Levels?
AMH levels vary by age, but as a general guide:
| AMH Level (ng/mL) | Interpretation |
| 1.5 – 4.0 | Normal range |
| 1.0 – 1.5 | Low-normal |
| 0.5 – 1.0 | Low ovarian reserve |
| < 0.5 | Very low |
Low AMH indicates reduced ovarian reserve, meaning fewer available eggs. However, it does not assess egg quality.
Causes of Low AMH
Low AMH can occur due to a variety of reasons:
1. Age (Natural Decline)
AMH naturally declines with age, especially after 35, as egg quantity decreases.
2. Genetics
Some women are genetically predisposed to have lower AMH levels.
3. Autoimmune or Medical Conditions
Autoimmune disorders, thyroid issues, or conditions like endometriosis can affect ovarian health.
4. Ovarian Surgery or Chemotherapy
Any procedure or treatment that damages the ovaries can reduce AMH levels.
5. Lifestyle Factors
- Smoking
- Poor diet
- High stress
- Exposure to environmental toxins
All these can negatively impact ovarian reserve.
Symptoms of Low AMH
Low AMH typically has no visible symptoms, but it may be associated with:
- Difficulty conceiving
- Irregular or shortened menstrual cycles
- Poor response to fertility medications
- Early signs of menopause (in some cases)
Because symptoms are subtle or absent, AMH is often tested during fertility evaluations or when a woman is considering egg freezing.
Diagnosis of Low AMH
Doctors diagnose low AMH using:
- Blood Test (AMH levels)
Taken on any day of the menstrual cycle. - Antral Follicle Count (AFC) via ultrasound
Used alongside AMH to estimate ovarian reserve. - FSH and Estradiol Tests
To further evaluate ovarian function.
Treatment Options for Low AMH
Though low AMH can be challenging, it does not mean you can’t conceive. With the right treatment plan, many women with low AMH become pregnant naturally or with assistance.
1. Lifestyle Modifications
- Anti-inflammatory diet (rich in protein, omega-3s, and low sugar)
- Regular exercise
- Avoiding toxins (e.g., smoking, alcohol)
- Stress reduction (yoga, mindfulness, therapy)
These steps may improve egg quality, even if quantity remains low.
2. Supplements
Some evidence suggests CoQ10, DHEA, Vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids can support egg quality and hormonal balance.
Always consult a doctor before starting supplements.
3. Ovulation Induction
Women with low AMH but regular cycles may respond to oral ovulation medications like Letrozole or Clomiphene to improve chances of natural conception.
4. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
IVF with tailored protocols (e.g., minimal stimulation, natural cycle IVF) can yield good outcomes, even with low AMH.
5. Egg or Embryo Freezing
Women who are not ready to conceive but have low AMH may consider freezing eggs or embryos for future use.
6. Donor Egg IVF
In cases where ovarian reserve is extremely low and previous attempts have failed, donor eggs may be an option.
Does Low AMH Always Mean Infertility?
No. Many women with low AMH conceive naturally or with minimal treatment. The key is early evaluation and timely action. Egg quality, not just quantity, plays a major role in pregnancy success.
When Should You See a Fertility Specialist?
You should consult a fertility expert if:
- You’re under 35 and haven’t conceived after 12 months of trying
- You’re over 35 and haven’t conceived after 6 months
- You have a known family history of early menopause
- You want to understand your fertility timeline better
Conclusion
Low AMH can feel discouraging, but it’s not the end of the road. With the right diagnosis, proactive treatment, and support, many women with low ovarian reserve go on to have healthy pregnancies. If you’re concerned about your AMH levels, consult an expert like Dr. Sravya Buggana, who offers personalized fertility care for every stage of your reproductive journey.